Biology

The Darwinian theory of evolution has for long acted as the keystone of modern science which has been accepted by the scientific fraternity for more than one and half centuries. Majority of the population in the United States, according to Sampson (2005), believe that the theory is supported by evidence whereas others believe that living things have existed the way they are presently since the beginning of time. This brings about a profound disconnection between scientists and the general public....

Diabetes is a condition characterized by individuals having elevated levels of blood sugar resulting from the body not producing sufficient insulin or the body cells not effectively responding to the insulin already present in the body (Kilvert  Fox, 2007). Insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreases, enables the body cells to take up glucose and oxidizes it into energy (Zieve  Wexler, 2009). Lack of this glucose uptake by the body cells will result to the accumulation of glucose in...

This paper tackles the relationship between atoms, molecules and cells, as well as the differences betweens organs and tissues, and the structure of organ systems. Moreover, it explains the anatomy and physiology of the skin and two of its structures  the epidermis and the dermis. An atom is the fundamental piece of matter, which is anything that can be physically touched. Everything in the universe with the exception of energy is made up of matter, which means that everything in the universe...

Prokaryotes are group of organisms lacking with cell nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles. Most of the prokaryotic organisms are unicellular (singled cell), but few of them are multicellular such as mycobacterium. Their body size ranges between 1 m and 10 m. In some cases, they can vary in size from 0.2 m to 750 m (i.e. E. coli). One of the distinct features of prokaryotic organisms is flagellum.  Flagellum contains homologues of actin and tubulin, i.e. MreB and FtsZ. The helically arranged...

Thawing means the process whereby something is changed from solid form to liquid form by heat and permafrost is a ground that is permanently frozen. Permafrost is also defined on thermal and temporal criteria. In this case, the term refers to a variety of materials like mineral and organic soil, rock and ice among others. Permafrost thawing is highly dependent on the climate change the change in the air temperature which is often caused by surface disturbance for example after vegetations have been...

Bacterial pneumonia is up till now a considerable factor of morbidity and death in patients infected with HIV in the period of antiretroviral combination therapy. The advantage of tobacco withdrawal on the bacterial pneumonia risk has not been measured in such people, who are exposed to other significant threat factors such as HIV-related immunodeficiency. The purpose of the paper was to evaluate the result of tobacco withdrawal on the bacterial pneumonia risk among HIV-infected people. In developed...

In 2009, the world faced the latest strain variant in the family of influenza viruses, the H1N1 swine flu, and an event which eventually reached the level of being a pandemic or a worldwide-affecting epidemic. Citizens around the globe were worried of the threats that the said pandemic may bring but it seemed that insufficient information regarding public health issues are possessed by the population. In this paper, the work of McNeil, published in the New York Times, and that of Krause, which was...

Healthy foods have been associated with healthy lifestyles. Several diets have been implicated for various disorders in humans while others have been identified as remedies to some health conditions which may arise after infections or mistakes in metabolic pathways in the body. Nutritionists have argued that the closer the food is to its natural state, the higher the benefits to human health. For instance, when an individual seriously craves for sweets, he or she can take berries and other fresh...

Question 1 As people become old, osteoporosis becomes a major decisive factor in the quality of life lived by an individual. Just like a muscle becomes bigger and stronger as one uses, so does a bone becomes denser and stronger when regularly exercised. Running helps to prevent the probability of getting osteoporosis since it increases coordination of the person. The strength of the muscles also gradually increases with increase in the duration of training which a crucial factor in stability of...

According to the World Health Organization in their Pandemic Preparedness article, a disease epidemic occurs when there are more cases of that disease than normal. A pandemic is a worldwide epidemic of a disease.1 More specifically, an epidemic is a temporary increase of the occurrence of a disease or disorder affecting man to a great extent that indicates an imbalance in the forces regulating the occurrence of the disease in the population. The affirmation of its existence is based on the comparison...

Safety Culture Considering that one is working for an insulation installation company, it must be understood that there are several safety issues related to ones job. One issue which can be seen is the issue of whether the employees of the insulation installation company are properly trained. It could be said that if they are not properly trained, they could pose harm to themselves and to their clients, for the insulation they install may be weak or faulty. Another issue is whether the employees...

General Characteristic of the species Aeromonas species are ubiquitous water borne organisms. Aeromonas is a human pathogen causing extra-intestinal infection such as gastrointestinal infection, endocarditis, cellulites, wound infection, peritonitis, meningitis and supportive arthritis in patients, who are suffering from leukemia. Aeromonas hydrophila is a rod shaped, heterotrophic bacterium found mainly in warm climate in fresh, salt, marine, estuarine, chlorinated and un-chlorinated water. Gram...