Biology

Many DNA based diagnostic tests have been developed after the discovery of structure, function and duplication were discovered. Over the last 5 decades these techniques have undergone rapid changes and modifications to suit different applications such in phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary tree constructions of different taxa including all the varieties of living organisms. The techniques have been created for extracting gene sequences of known disease related and desirable traits in all...

As a child goes through the facts of marine life, it is also an ongoing imagination of a place where reality and unknown meets. Thus, it would be better to reinforce the child with not only facts but also images that captures the portion of reality underwater. This could not be possible without the advent of underwater photography. Truly, underwater photography paved the way for scientists and common people alike to understand and admire the marine world in a deeper extent. The pictures taken by...

In recent times, there has been an increase in awareness as regards to the meaning and the effects of air pollution on our environment. This might be as a result of education and peoples perception of their health need. Air pollution comes in different forms and it affects humans, animals and plants in varying degree. An important form of air pollution in our environment is the acid rain. This form of air pollution is now a serious environmental issue in developed countries of world especially...

Genetic transformation is an application of numerous molecular biology researches leading to very basic structure and function of DNA in all the living organisms. A thoughtful assembly of information generated in knowing various other molecules and their relations with DNA structure and function including reproduction of DNA itself has been put into many meaningful applications. These include indirect (molecular mediated) andor directed therapies for several major and important human diseases. Essentially...

I. A missionary couple, living in West Africa brought their 4-year old son to the office of their physician on the second day of a visit home to Minnesota. The boy had severe  continuous diarrhea about seven hours earlier. His mother described his diarrhea as whitish with flakes in. There was blood however when a blood film was made whole blood cell could be identified.1. This disease is most likely caused by what bacteria and what is the name of the disease The disease is most likely caused...

As the name suggests, DNA sequencing is simply the process of determining the content and arrangement of nucleotides in a particular genome, either in part or in whole. Most DNA sequencing techniques are based on the dideoxy method which was first described by Sanger et al (cited in Pierce, p.553-5 Davies, 2001, p.10). The dideoxy method of DNA sequencing is based on the principle of replication. After the DNA of interest has been amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, the amplified...

AntibioticsAntibiotics are the drugs which are prescribed by the physician to fight against infection caused by microorganisms.Antibiotics are documented as agentsto treat illnesses. But there are instances whenantibioticsarespecifiedby physicians to prevent infections.Usually antibiotics are given prophylactically in certain medical conditions only, like when a person has transplanted heart valves or damaged heart valves. These people are more prone to develop cardiac heart valves infections even...

1.  The types of membrane transporters are systematically organized in the prokaryotes and also found in eukaryotes with different characteristics, they include 2.A.1 Major Facilitator Super-family, 2.A.6 Resistance Nodulation Division, 2.A.7 Drug metabolite transporters, 2.A.17 Proton-dependent Oligopeptide transporter, 2.A.60 Organo Anion Transporter, 2.A.66 Multidrug Oligosaccharidyl-lipid Polysaccharide Flippase, 2.A.74 Multidrug Endosomal Transporter, 3.A.1 ATP Binding Cassette. 2. ...

a) Zoonosis is a normal disease of animals that can be transferred to humans with or without the help of diverse vectors.  b) Vectors are living transporters of infectious agents. They can transfer infectious agents like bacteria, viruses and protozoans to other animals and humans. Popular vectors are parasitic arthropods and domestic animals. c) Arthropod-borne diseases are diseases caused by infectious agents that arthropods served as vectors. Arthropods are invertebrate animals which have...