Biology

Leptin is a protein produced by adipose tissues that circulate in the brain and interact with the receptors in the hypothalamus to inhibit eating.  Importance of this peptide is demonstrated by profound obesity exhibited by the ob/ob mouse (C57BL/6J-Lep(ob)) which is unable to produce functional leptin. The measurement of respiratory functions in this mouse shows that profound obesity is associated with impaired respiratory mechanics and depressed respiratory control, particularly during sleep....

In 1859, Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species which formed the foundation for one of the most controversial theories in the history of mankind. Darwin argued and provided substantial evidence to the effect that all organisms had originated from the same source. Although Darwin did not refer to the phenomenon as evolution, referring to it as ‘common descent with modification’ instead, Darwin explained how organisms had originated from simple creatures to evolve to the complex creatures...

Antibiotics: Antibiotics are the drugs which are prescribed by the physician to fight against infection caused by microorganisms.Antibiotics are documented as agents to treat illnesses. But there are instances when antibiotics are specified by physicians to prevent infections. Usually antibiotics are given prophylactically in certain medical conditions only, like when a person has transplanted heart valves or damaged heart valves. These people are more prone to develop cardiac heart valves infections...