Answering Given Questions

Question 1
As people become old, osteoporosis becomes a major decisive factor in the quality of life lived by an individual. Just like a muscle becomes bigger and stronger as one uses, so does a bone becomes denser and stronger when regularly exercised. Running helps to prevent the probability of getting osteoporosis since it increases coordination of the person. The strength of the muscles also gradually increases with increase in the duration of training which a crucial factor in stability of the person. With appropriate training procedure, the person is able to keep proper balance thus decreasing the likelihood of unprecedented falls during old age that may lead to broken and fractured bones.
 
In addition, running is an important, effective and a feasible exercise that strengthens bones by increasing their density. Denser bones increase the resistance of being fractured easily. Again, the resistance exercise (running) stimulates the bone formation. This is because the bones experience the physical impacts and support of body weight during the training that acts as major factors of bone formation. However running does not help all the skeletal system but the individual bones that are involved in the exercise.

Question 2
The biological purpose of PTH (parathyroid hormone) is to regulate the blood calcium level and secondly to regulate the bone calcium contents. Its crucial to regulate the above named because their extremes in the blood can be lethal. In hyperparathyroidism, the excessive production of PTH elevates the quantity of osteoblasts. The consequence of this chronic secretion of the PTH hormone leads to decalcification of the bones, loss of bone mass and the making them porous.
 
Vitamin D is used for maintenance of normal blood levels of calcium and aids in the process of absorption of calcium that helps in the formation and maintenance of strong bones. In this regard, provision of vitamin D gives protection from osteoporosis. It is hard to get too much vitamin D from sunlight or food consumed. However it can be gotten as a result of taking supplements of vitamin D in large dosages of which doesnt help but may lead to excessive calcification of bones, bone pains, thirst and urge to urinate frequently.

Question 3
Scoliosis can be gotten by asymmetric weakness of the back muscles. The human spine is an engineering phenomenon that supports the body weight and holds the whole body together. This spinal column comprises of a hoard of small bones ranging from 2-3 inches to 5-6 inches size in diameter. Scoliosis happens whenever the spinal column curves to the side when you look at it from the front view, and the comprising vertebra also twists on its neighbor in a corkscrew fashion.

Lordosis is the one that can result from pregnancy since a persons lower back naturally has an inward curve. If there is an excessive inward curve the condition is referred to as lordosis. Besides pregnancy, lordosis can be caused by spinal problems inherent at birth, excessive weight and staying sitted for long periods. The body gets used to these positions and as a result, some muscles get shorter, stiffer, stretched and ultimately weaker. Hitherto, the person concerned may start experiencing lower back pains since it gets all the support work which results in fatigue and pain as sometimes portrayed by pregnant women.

Question 4
In the lower limb there are three bones that make up ankle joint.The long bones that point straight and upward are known as the tibia and the fibula. These bones do connect with the top most part of the foot that is called the talus. The interconnections of these bones form a very significant joint the hinge joint. According to the mechanism of hinge joints, they allow movement in one direction of which in this case its medial thus the ease of moving the foot medially with ease.
   
The wrist joint being one of the most complex joints in the body, is actually made up of multiple joints and bones that enables us to use our hands to perform many different  tasks and move them in different directions. The joint is made by the proximal row comprising of the carpal bones connecting with the radius and the ulna (bones of the forearm).The arrangement of these multiplicity joints in the wrist enables it to move efficiently-- medially than laterally since they can cover a winder angle of a sweep.

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