Biology

Red wine is in alcoholic a beverage that is typically prepared using fermented grape juice. Like any other alcoholic beverages, it is often considered to include empty calories because it came from chemical balance of grapes such that they can ferment without the addition of enzymes, acids, sugars and other nutrients. Moreover, it is created by fermenting crushed grapes using different kinds of yeast and these yeasts consume all the sugar found in the grapes and converts them into alcohol.

The color red of the wine is derived from various assortment of grape variety ranging from reddish, deep purple and even blue on the color scale. It is the grape skins that are accountable for the red wine unique color spectrum. The skins are the one responsible for the contact with the substance during fermentation process that allows dispersion of both color and tannins. Today there are approximately 50 key red wine varieties that are being sold in the market.

Background of the Study
Red wine includes a naturally affluent source of natural antioxidants that can protect the body from oxidative stress and age related diseases. Researchers also investigated that the benefits of red wine in moderate amount (doctors suggest to drink one serving a day for women and two drinks a day for men) lowers the risk of heart attack. Other studies also proved that it can raise good cholesterol and avoid bad cholesterol from forming. Thus, preventing blood clots and lessens the blood vessel that damage the caused of fat deposits. Today many people are drinking red wine because of its nutritional value.

Nutritional Facts of Red Wine
Using information from U.S. Department of Agriculture and other public sources, nutritional analyses were obtained (see table 1). Although different types of red wine content may vary depending on the brand like Chardonnay or Zinfandel which contain more percent of alcohol content, data that were used base on the standard analysis of U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Nutrition Facts
Serving Size 5 oz (147 g)  Servings per ContainerAmount per ServingCalories 102.06Calories from Fat 0Percent daily value Total Fat 0g0Saturated Fat 0g0Cholesterol 0g0Sodium 7.09mg0.3Total Carbohydrate 2.41g1Dietary Fiber 0g0Sugars 0g0Protein 0.28g0.44Vitamin A 0        Vitamin C 0Calcium 0           Iron 0Thiamine 0.01    Riboflavin 0.04Niacin 0.11         Folate 0 Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000 calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs INGREDIENTS FERMENTED GRAPE JUICE. NATURAL SULFITES USED AS A PRESERVATIVE. YEAST AND FINING MATERIALS (EGG WHITE, BENTONITE, ISINGLASS OR OTHER INGREDIENTS) MAY HAVE BEEN USED IN PRODUCTION BUT DO NOT REMAIN IN THE FINISHED WINE.Table 1. Analysis of U.S. Department of Agriculture on red wine nutritional value

Nutritional Benefits of Red Wine
For over many years, researchers have indicated that moderate drinking of alcohol improves cardiovascular health. In fact, in 1992 researches in Harvard University included moderate alcohol intake as one of the eight proven ways to lessen coronary heart disease risk. Primarily, the researchers suggested drinking red wine as the most beneficial alcoholic beverage to heart health. They found out that cardioprotective effect has been characterized to the present of antioxidants present in the skin and seeds of red grapes. Also they found out that antioxidants called flavonoids can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in three ways a) lessening the production of low density lipoprotein (LDL) or much also know as bad cholesterol b) inducing high density lipoprotein (HDL) and c) reducing blood clotting.

Recent study shows that moderate drinking of red wine maybe beneficial to more than just an individual heart. Study showed that the antioxidant resveratrol (prevalent into the skin of red grapes) may restrain tumor development that can cause cancer. Also, same study indicates that the resveratrol aided in the formation of nerve cells that is very helpful e treatment of neurological diseases like Parkinson and Alzheimers disease.

Conclusion
The study shows that drinking of red wine can have nutritional effect to an individual. However, the key to reaping the health benefits of this alcoholic beverage is to have moderate consumption. Men are suggested to drink one to two servings per day while women should only consume one serving per day. On the other hand, this is not to say that an individual should start drinking alcohol if they do not. Debate still continues on whether or not red wine should be incorporated to the lifestyle traits of an individual since it gives long healthy life for many wine (including red wine) drinkers. However, the evidence are seems clear that regular and moderate drinking of red wine is beneficial to an individual health.